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ADHD in Adults – Treatment Options ADHD is a common disorder of the nervous system that affects 4,4 percent of the population. It is associated with a high rate of comorbidity. This includes anxiety, depression, and substance abuse, as well as significant social, emotional and occupational impairments. Psychotherapy and medication are both effective treatments for adults with ADHD. Stimulants such as methylphenidate and amphetamine are the most frequently prescribed medications. Medications Many adults suffering from ADHD have significant improvements in their symptoms and performance due to medication. Due to the various ways people respond to medications it is crucial for people with ADHD to discover a combination that works best. Adults suffering from ADHD are prescribed stimulants like amphetamines or methylphenidate. They are available in immediate-release (short-acting) tablet or liquid form, and can be taken as frequently as every three to four hours. Some adults supplement an immediate-release dose with an extended-release or long-acting medication that is taken daily to reduce the need for frequent dosing throughout the day. Adults suffering from ADHD can also be successfully treated with antidepressants, such as desipramine. This class of medications can be utilized together with stimulants or in isolation to boost their effects. However, they may increase the risk of serious cardiovascular side effects such as rapid heartbeat, EKG changes, and orthostatic hypotension. Adults suffering from ADHD can also be treated with alprazolam and clonidine, which are both Alpha-2 antagonists of the adrenergic system. These drugs were initially developed to treat hypertension. They are calming and may improve focus and reduce hyperactivity and impulse control in some adults. These medications can result in extremely low blood pressure if they are abruptly stopped or the dosage is decreased. Adults with ADHD are also able to benefit from psychotherapy. Individual therapy can help them cope with their feelings of shame and embarrassment regarding their ADHD, as well as anger toward supervisors, colleagues teachers, and family members who might nag or criticize them. In addition counseling for families and marriages can help couples suffering from ADHD be able to recognize each other's challenges and improve communication. Behavioral Therapy Psychosocial therapy for adults with ADHD aims to improve daily functioning by teaching strategies and skills. Psychotherapy can also help people with ADHD overcome low self-esteem and sense of failure that is often associated with this condition. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps individuals change the negative thoughts that create problems in their lives. It also helps to develop new ways of thinking and feeling, as well as acting. This short-term and goal-oriented therapy has been shown to be effective in treating many illnesses, such as anxiety and depression. It can be utilized in conjunction with other therapies or by itself. CBT may involve group therapy, which is particularly helpful for adults with ADHD because it gives the opportunity to meet others who have similar struggles and to learn how other people manage their ADHD symptoms. It can be delivered in person or over the phone. In one study, CBT was compared to the standard treatment for adults with ADHD. Both treatments improved self-report indicators like symptoms, functioning and quality of life. Several studies have compared CBT with other psychosocial treatments for people with ADHD and have all shown significant reductions in self-reported ADHD symptoms, with medium to large effect sizes. These improvements were associated with a variety of modalities that include cognitive and interpersonal behavioral therapy, social skills training, problem-solving training and mindfulness meditation. However, caution is required in comparing the effectiveness of different therapies for adult ADHD. It is likely that differences in outcome results depend on a variety of factors that include the characteristics of the treatment, the measures used, and patient backgrounds. A few studies have investigated the effectiveness of neurofeedback, an approach that involves wearing an electrode-lined cap when performing cognitive tasks to pinpoint areas of the brain where there is too much or too little activity. Then, instructing the person to manage these patterns. Counseling Many people suffering from ADHD also suffer from comorbid mood or anxiety disorders that need treatment. Counseling can help address these problems, which may be contributing to the ADHD symptoms. Some psychotherapy approaches include interpersonal therapy to improve a person's ability to build meaningful relationships and resolve conflicts. Cognitive behavioral therapy is designed to help people manage self-destructive, impulsive, and negative behaviors that could cause difficulties at school or at work. In certain cases psychotherapy can be utilized as an adjunct to medications for adult adhd treatment for adults. People with comorbid conditions such as bipolar disorder, and substance abuse should be evaluated with care to ensure they do not suffer from symptoms that aren't improved by the medications that are prescribed to treat ADHD. People with certain medical issues, including thyroid disorders, lead poisoning, and a history of seizures, have to be treated more aggressively because they are at higher risk for complications from the medication. Intensive outpatient programs might be recommended if the person's ADHD is such that it hinders their daily functioning and quality of life. These programs provide structured treatment that is more intense than traditional outpatient psychotherapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), which is a form of cognitive therapy, aids adults suffering from ADHD to improve their ability to manage time and impulse control, as well as planning and executive function. It teaches them to recognize and express feelings, and it uses exercises and worksheets to make the learning interesting. Mindfulness meditation training improves CBT, and it improves a person's ability to focus and regulate their emotions. It improves the ability of a person to manage anxiety and stress. It helps them deal with sadness, anger and other emotions that may be contributing towards their ADHD. Occupational Therapy Adults suffering from ADHD report difficulties functioning at work and at home. In addition to impacting work performance, these symptoms interfere with relationships and could lead to financial difficulties. Therapy that addresses these issues can help improve your self-esteem, resolve underlying problems and develop healthy coping strategies. Cognitive-behavioral treatment is an effective treatment for adults suffering from ADHD because it helps them to alter their negative beliefs and behavior. It concentrates on teaching time management techniques and overcoming the distortions in your thinking that can lead to negative moods and the perception of limited options. Many people who suffer from ADHD also suffer from anxiety or depression. These psychiatric illnesses may aggravate or decrease the effectiveness of some treatments for ADHD. Therefore it is recommended that you treat the most severe comorbidity first and observe its response to medication prior to beginning treatment for the other condition. Occupational therapy can teach you methods to organize your life and work, set up routines that are predictable, manage time and money, and create a positive self-image. It can help you master ways to relax that could reduce hyperactivity and impulsivity. Additionally yoga and other exercises can aid in improving your focus by ensuring your body is stable in different poses. Marriage and family counseling can help adults with ADHD to solve the problems they create for their spouses, kids and others. They often complain about being insecure, unorganized, and prone to making impulsive decisions. Therapy and classes in which spouses and other family members are educated about ADHD can help you establish better relationships. Furthermore it can aid you and your loved ones to understand that these issues are linked to the patient's ADHD rather than an absence of care or refusing to cooperate. Clinical Trials Adult ADHD is a neurobiological disorder which is very common. It is accompanied by high rates of comorbidity, such as depression, anxiety and substance abuse disorders. Treatment options include psychosocial and medical interventions. There are many medication options for adults suffering from ADHD. Certain of these medications have been evaluated in studies. These studies have revealed the strengths and weaknesses of the various medications. Adults suffering from ADHD experience the same symptoms as children, but it can be difficult to recognize them since the symptoms of childhood may not persist into adulthood. Additionally, people with ADHD may not have a history of the disorder in their family or may not be aware of having symptoms. A thorough medical history is necessary to help determine whether the symptoms are due to medical conditions such as thyroid issues or sleep apnea. best treatment for adhd in adults could also be due to vision and hearing problems or lead poisoning. Adults suffering from ADHD are treated with stimulants or nonstimulants. Stimulants have the highest response rates for adults suffering from ADHD. Their rates of responsiveness range from 70% to 80percent. Amphetamine and methylphenidate are among the most frequently prescribed stimulants. Methylphenidate can also be administered via a transdermal system. This permits continuous medication delivery during the daytime. Nonstimulant medicines for adults suffering from ADHD are mostly tricyclic antidepressants which work on dopamine and norepinephrine. Desipramine, the most studied tricyclic, has shown to be effective in adult ADHD patients. It is a low dose medicine and should be increased by 50 mg every seven days until the desired effect is observed. Bupropion XL is a second antidepressant that has been shown to be effective for adults suffering from ADHD. It is a dopamine agonist that blocks the reuptake of norepinephrine at the presynaptic transporter and increasing its presence in the brain. The drug has been proven to improve mood and reduce hyperactivity in adults. However, it is not as effective as stimulants in improving cognitive performance or concentration.